I. Answer the following questions in one sentence each:
1. Who was James Mill?
Ans: James Mill was a Scottish Economist and Political Philosopher.
2. Which volume work was published by James Mill?
Ans: James Mill published a massive three volume work named “A History of British India” in 1817.
3. In which periods did James Mill divide Indian history into?
Ans: James Mill divided Indian history into three periods Hindu,Muslim and British.
4. Why was Indian history divided into 3 periods?
Ans: Britishers divided into 3 periods to know the time at that period and know the features in that period.
5. What civilized during Hindu and Muslim despots?
Ans: Religious intolerance ,caste taboos and superstition practices dominated social life in India.
6. Why it was necessary to introduce European culture in India?
Ans: Before British to India Hindu and Muslim despots ruled the country hence there was a need to introduce European culture in India.
7. Who are calligraphists?
Ans: Calligraphists are those people who are specialized in the art of beautiful writings.
8. How have historians divided Indian history into?
Ans: Historians have usually divided Indian history into ancient,medieval and modern period.
9. Where was modern period associated with?
Ans: Modern period was associated with the growth of all the forces of modernity-science, democracy, liberty and equality.
10. Which period of Indian history is described by historians as ‘Medieval’period?
Ans: ‘Medieval’ was a term used to describe a society where features of modern society did not exist that is modernity in science,democracy, liberty and equality.
11. What do you understand by the process of Colonization?
Ans: When there is changes in political ,economic ,social and culture due to subjugation of one country by another is known as Colonization.
12. Why is the textbook called ‘our pasts’ in the plural?
Ans: During the British rule some classes and groups did not experience changes hence its called ‘our pasts’ in the plural.
13. What sources do historians use in writing about the last 250 years of Indian History?
Ans: The official record maintained by British officials or administration was the sources for historians in writing of last 250 years.
14. Why did the British set up record rooms attached to all administrative institutions in India?
Ans: The British set up record rooms attached to all administrative institutions so that important documents and letters needed to be carefully preserved.
15. Which institutes of government had record rooms?
Ans: The village tahilsdar’s office, the collectorate, the commissioners office, the provisional secretariats, the law courts had record rooms.
16. What moved from one branch to another branch of administration in the early years of 19th century?
Ans: Letters and memos moved from one branch of administration to another in the early years of 19th century.
17. In villages what types of surveys were conducted?
Ans: In villages revenue surveys were conducted.
18. At the end of nineteenth century ,census operations were conducted for how many years?
Ans: Census operations were conducted after every ten years.
II. Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each:
1. How did British establish control over the Indian economy?
Ans: Britishers collected revenue to meet all their expenses,bought the goods they wanted at low prices, produced crops they needed for export to earn revenue.
2. What means were suggested by James Mill to civilize India?
Ans: James Mill suggested that:
i) There should be introduction of European manners, arts,institutions and laws in India.
ii) He also suggested that British should conquer all the territories in India to ensure the enlightenment and happiness of the Indian people.
3. Name the British governor generals and viceroys in India?
Ans: Lord Warren Hastings, Wellesley, Bentick, Dalhousie , Canning, Lawrence, Lytton, Ripon,Curzon, Harding,Irwin and Lord Mountbatten.
III. Answer the following questions in four sentences each :
1. What were included in revenue surveys conducted in village areas?
Ans: Revenue surveys conducted in village areas include:
a) The soil quality c) The flora and the fauna.
d) The local histories d) The cropping patterns.
2. What were the different types of surveys conducted at the end years of nineteenth century?
Ans: The following types of surveys were conducted for the administrative purposes:
a) Revenue surveys (b) Botanical surveys.
(c) Zoological surveys (d) Archaeological surveys.
(e) Anthropological surveys (f )Forest surveys (g) Population surveys.
3. How are the official records of the British in India in-reliable in every sense?
Ans: The Britishers in India maintained records which only tell us that:
i) What the officials thought.
ii) What they were interested in.
iii) What they wished to preserve for posterity and these records do not always help us to understand what other people from country felt and what lay behind their actions.
4. How did people in India during British rule expressed their views or sourced their information ?
Ans: Other sources through which Indian people expressed and source of information are:
i) Diaries of people.
ii) Accounts of pilgrims and traveler’s .
iii) Autobiographies of important personalities.
iv) Popular booklets.
v) Issues debated in public.
vi) Poets,novels and writings of leaders and reformers.
5. Why do some historians associate history with a string of dates?
Ans:
1) Some historians associate with dates because there was a time when history was an account of battles and big events.
2) History was about rulers and their policies.
3) Historians wrote about the birth,life and death of ruler and the year the next ruler succeeded to the throne.
4) For whatever events that took place specific dates can be determined.