I. Complete the following statements by selecting the correct alternative given below each statement :
(1) The Industrial Revolution led to the rise of a Capitalist economy .
(a) Socialist economy (b) Capitalist economy
(c) Mixed economy (d) Communist economy
(2) The famous novel “Oliver Twist” was written by Charles Dickens.
(a) Charles Dickens (b) Jonathan Swift
(c) H.G Wells (d) William Shakespeare
(3) The social reformer regarded as the “Father of Indian Journalism” is Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
(a)Mahatma JotibaPhule (b) LokmanyaTilak
(c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy (d) Mhatma Gandhi
(4) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee wrote the famous novel Anandmath.
(a) Anandmath (b) Gitanjali
(c) Coolie (d) Godan
II. Answer the following question in one sentence each :
(1) What did the factory system during the Industrial Revolution lead to?
Ans : The factory system led to the urbanisation of the industrialized society.
(2) Which two classes had emerged in society as a result of Industrial Revolution?
Ans : The Capitalists and the Labourers were two the classes that had emerged in society as a result of Industrial Revolution.
(3) Name the famous journal published by Raja Ram Mohan Roy to bring about an awakening among the Indians?
Ans : Samwad Kaumudi was the name of the famous journal published by Raja Ram Mohan Roy to bring an awakening among the Indians.
(4) Which development revolutionised the reading habit of the people during the Industrial Revolution?
Ans : The development in the Printing Technology revolutionised the reading habit of the people during the Industrial Revolution.
III. Give reasons for each of the following statements :
(1) Newspapers were largely used by the commercial class of traders.
Ans:
(1) The commercial class of traders advertised their products which helped to increase their sales.
(2) Newspapers were widely read, so the information of their product reached many homes.
(2) The journal “Samwad Kaumudi” gained popularity in India.
Ans :
(1) It contained articles which gave the real picture of the conditions of the Indian society.
(2) It marked the beginning of Indian Journalism in colonial India.
(3) Reading was the privilege of only the rich and elite class before the Industrial Revolution.
Ans :
(1) Books were rare and expensive.
(2) Free time was required to read the books.
(4) Labourers had to work for low wages in the factories.
Ans :
(1) The Industrial Revolution led to the capitalist economy.
(2) Labourers had no access to the ownership of the means of production so they worked in the factories for low wages.
IV. Answer each of the following questions in four sentences :
(1) What were the consequences faced by the urban areas due to the factory system?
Ans :
(1) Due to industrialization, a number of cities had emerged which were centres of production.
(2) The factories in urban areas provided employment to the people.
(3) A large number of people were attracted to the cities.
(4) The urban areas became over crowded putting pressure on its infrastructure.
(2) Why was the family life adversely affected in the fast industrialise society?
Ans :
(1) Due to low wages of the man the other family members (women and children) had to look out for some source of income.
(2) They did not get time to spend with each other.
(3) The children were either sent to work or were kept alone at home by their parents.
(4) The children were neglected and this led to the rise of a number of illegal activities related to children.
(3) Explain in brief the hardships faced by the labourers after the Industrial Revolution?
Ans :
(1) The poor labourers had to live in small and crowded areas where the houses had no proper ventilation or sanitation facilities.
(2) Such unhygienic conditions affected their health.
(3) Many labourers also died due to starvation and malnutrition.
(4) Unsafe working conditions and unhygienic living conditions were very common at that time.
V. Match the following pairs :
A B
(1) Gulliver’s Travels (a) R.K Narayan
(2) Wuthering Heights (b) Rabindranath Tagore
(3) Gitanjali (c) Emile Bernard Shaw
(4) Malgudi Days (d) Jonathan Swift
Answers :
(1) – (e), (2) -(c), (3) – (b), (4) – (a) .