State whether the following sentences are True or False:
1. Non- whites could vote in South Africa before 1994.
2. It was the effort of Nelson Mandela that made South Africa a democratic country.
3. Conflicts and differences are resolved by the laws laid down by our Constitution.
4. Apartheid system in South Africa was abolished in the year 1990.
5. In our society boys and girls are valued equally.
Answers:
1. False 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. False.
Fill in the blanks:
1. __________ was a non-white. He wanted to learn his own language _________ .
2. The African National Congress fought against the system of ________ .
3. Ambedkar felt that ________ can be obtained if people are treated equally.
4. The power of the government gets limited by __________ .
5. Through voting in elections people elect leaders to _________ them .
6. Religious processions and celebrations can sometimes lead to __________ .
Answers:
1. Hector and Zulu 2. Apartheid 3. Justice 4. Regular elections 5. Represent 6. Conflicts .
Match the columns :
1) Hector Pieterson (a) wanted people to be treated equally.
2) Nelson Mandela (b) has laws to be followed by everyone.
3) Dr. Ambedkar (c) wanted to learn Zulu language.
4) Soweto (d) fought against apartheid
5) The Indian Constitution (e) one black township.
Answers:
1 —– (c) wanted to learn Zulu language .
2 —– (d) fought against apartheid .
3 —– (a) wanted people to be treated equally.
4 —– (e) one black township.
5 —– (b) has laws to be followed by everyone.
Answer the following questions:
1. What are apartheid laws?
Ans: South Africans were divided into white, black , Indian and coloured races. According to apartheid laws , these races were not allowed to mingle with each other, to live near each other and even to use common facilities.
2. What happened to Hector and why?
Ans: Hector and his classmates had to learn the Afrikaans language in schools. But they wanted to learn in their own language Zulu. They joined the protest against learning the African language. The South African police beat up the protectors ruthlessly and shot at the crowd. One of the bullets killed Hector.
3. Write a note on “The African National Congress” .
Ans: The African National Congress is a group of people who led the struggle against the system of apartheid. Dr. Nelson Mandela was their leader. He fought the apartheid system for many years. Finally the system was abolished in 1994 and South Africa became a democratic country in which people of all races were considered equal.
4. How do rivers become a source of conflict between states?
Ans: A river may begin in one state, flow through another and end in a third state. The sharing of this river water between the states becomes an issue of conflict. Example is of river Cauvery and the conflict between Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. It is the job of central government to step in and see that a fair distribution is worked out for the states.
Tick the correct answer:
1. For how many years the government is elected in India?
(a) 6 years (b) 7 years (c) 5 years √
2. Mettur Dam is located in which state?
(a) Tamil Nadu √ (b) Kerala (c) Karnataka.
3. Equality and justice are __________ .
(a) Separate (b) Inseparable √ (c) Togetherness.
4. South Africa became a democratic country in __________ .
(a) 1998 (b) 1997 (c) 1994 √
5. The dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu was because of ________ .
(a) Yamuna river (b) Cauvery river √ (c) Mahanadi
6. Universal adult franchise gives the right to __________ .
(a) Educate (b) Vote √ (c) Govern
7. A law banning defection was passed by our Parliament in __________ .
(a) 1984 (b) 1985 √ (c) 1987.
8. A group of parties combining to form a government is called _______ .
(a) Opposition (b) Coalition √ (c) Presidential
9. In India, the system of democracy followed is __________ .
(a) Presentative (b) Rigid (c) Representative √
10. Democracy means that all ________ are free to express their views.
(a) Government (b) Citizens √ (c) Media.