5.2 TEXT QUESTIONS:
1: What are the advantages of using CNG and LPG as fuels.
Ans. The advantages of using Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) as fuels are:
i) They can be burnt directly.
ii) They can be transported easily through pipelines.
iii) They are clean fuels and do not give smoke when burnt.
iv) They have high calorific value.
2: Name the petroleum product used for surfacing of roads.
Ans. Bitumen, a petroleum product, is used for surfacing roads.
3: Describe how coal is formed from dead vegetation. What is this process called?
Ans. Millions of years ago, dense forests got buried under the soil due to natural processes like storms, floods, and earthquakes. These got compressed as more and more soil got deposited over them. When they got buried deep in the soil, they were exposed to very high pressure and temperature. Under these conditions, these slowly got converted into coal. This process of formation of coal from dead vegetation is called carbonization.
4: Fill in the banks.
(a) Fossil fuels are coal, petroleum and natural gas.
(b) Process of separation of different constituents from petroleum is called refining.
(c) Least polluting fuel for vehicles is compressed natural gas (CNG).
5: Tick True/False against the following statements.
(a) Fossil fuels can be made in the laboratory. False
(b) CNG is more polluting fuel than petrol. False
(c) Coke is almost pure form of carbon. True
(d) Coal tar is a mixture of various substances. True
(e) Kerosene is not a fossil fuel. False
6: Explain why fossil fuels are exhaustible natural resources.
Ans. Fossil fuels require millions of years to form as they are formed from the dead vegetation and animals that get buried deep inside the Earth. They require high temperature and pressure for their formation, which cannot be provided in the laboratory and their rate formation is very less in comparison to their rate of consumption. So they will be exhausted in the near future due to current rate of consumption.
7: Describe characteristics and uses of coke.
Ans.
Characteristics of coke: Tough, porous and black in colour.
Uses of coke:
i) In manufacture of steel.
ii) In the extraction of metals (as a reducing agent).
8: Explain the process of formation of petroleum.
Ans. Petroleum was formed from dead organisms that got buried in the sea millions of years ago. These dead bodies got covered with layers of sand and clay. Lack of air, high temperature, and high pressure transformed these dead organisms into petroleum and natural gas
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