Answer the following questions :

1)  Name the three types of Medieval towns.
Ans:
The three types of Medieval towns are temple town, an administrative town, and a commercial town or a port town.

2)  Where did the kings held courts in Thanjavur?
Ans:
As Thanjavur was an administrative centre, kings held courts in the mandapas, which were the parts of palaces.

3)  Name the towns that emerged around temples.
Ans:
Bhillasvamin in Madhya Pradesh, Somnat in Gujarat, Kanchipuram and Madurai in Tamil Nadu and Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh.

4)  What are the different activities held in small town that emerged from large villages?
Ans:

(i)In small towns they usually ad mandapika to which nearby villagers brought their produce to sell.
(ii)There were streets for different kinds of artisans such as potters, oil pressers, sugar makers, toddy makers, smiths etc.
(iii)Many traders came from far and near to the towns to buy local articles and sell products of distant places like horses, salt, camphor, saffron, betel nut and spices like pepper.

5)  During tenth century, on which items taxes were collected by temple authorities?
Ans:

(i)During tenth century, taxes were collected on sugar and jaggery, dyes, thread and cotton, on coconuts , salt, areca nuts, butter, sesame oil, on cloth.
(ii)Besides, there were taxes on traders, on those who sold metal goods, on distillers, on oil, on cattle fodder and on loads of grain.

6)  Who were the most famous guilds in south India?
Ans:
The most famous guilds in south India was Manigramam and Nanadesi.

7)  What drew the attention of European traders to India?
Ans:

(i)There were different spices grown in India in tropical climates like pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg, dried ginger etc.
(ii)These spices became an important part of  European cooking and cotton cloth was in great demand.
Hence, all these things drew the attention of  European traders to India.

8)  Who were called as Bidri?
Ans:
The craft-person of  Bidar were so famous for their inlay work in copper and silver that it came to be called as Bidri.

9)  Why was the architecture of Hampi considered to be so distinctive?
Ans:
The architecture of Hampi considered to be so distinctive because the buildings in the royal complex had splendid arches, domes and pillared halls with niches for holding sculptures. They also had well planned orchards and pleasure gardens with sculptural motifs such as the lotus and corbels.

10)  Which festival was celebrated in Virupaksha temple at Hampi?
Ans:
The Mahanavami festival known today as Navaratri in the south was celebrated in Virupaksha temple at Hampi.

11)  Why did Surat began to decline towards the end of the seventeenth century?
Ans:
Surat had began to decline towards the end of the seventeenth century because of many factors such as :
(i)The loss of markets and productivity because of the decline of the Mughal empire.
(ii)There was a control on the sea routes by the Portuguese.

12)  Why Masulipatnam was control by the Dutch and English East India companies?
Ans:
The Dutch and English East India companies controlled Masulipatnam as it became the most important port on the Andhra coast.

13)  Who occupied the superior residencies of fort St.George in Madras?
Ans:
The white rulers occupied the superior residencies of fort St. George in Madras.

14)  Which cities became the important cities in the 18th century?
Ans:
Bombay, Calcutta and Madras became the important cities in the 18th century.