I. Complete the following statements by selecting the correct alternative given below each statement:
(1) During the early Medieval Period, Italy became the site of conflicts between Austria and France.
(a) France (b) Prussia
(c) Great Britain (d) Germany
(2) Mazzini formed a new organisation called Young Italy.
(a) Red Shirts (b) Young Italy
(c) Young Turks (d) Carbonari
(3) The Unification of Italy was completed in 1870.
(a) 1869 (b) 1870
(c) 1871 (d) 1872
(4) In 1861, the title of King of Italy was taken up by Victor Emmanuel II.
(a) Victor Emmanuel II (b) Cavour
(c) Mazzini (d) Bismarck
(5) The slogan ‘Italy for Italians’ was given by Mazzini.
(a) Cavour (b) Garibaldi
(c) Bismarck (d) Mazzini
II. Answer following questions in one sentences each:
(1) Why did Napoleon III withdraw his troops from Rome?
Ans : The Unification of Italy was completed in 1870 so Napoleon was forced to withdraw the French troops from Rome .
(2) Why was the revolutionary group of Garibaldi called as the ‘Red Shirts’?
Ans : The revolutionary group of Garibaldi was called as the ‘Red Shirts’ because the members of the group were wearing Red Shirts.
(3) What was the major aim of Cavour?
Ans : The major aim of Cavour’s policy was to drive the Australians out of Italy.
(4) Which two Italian cities rose in revolt against Austria in 1848?
Ans : Lombardy and Venetia rose in revolt against Austria in 1848.
III. Answer the following in two sentences each:
(1) Why did Mazzini from new organisation called as “Young Italy”?
Ans :
(1) Mazzini was an Italian patriot who believed that Austria was the greatest opponent of the freedom and unity of Italy.
(2) He was a great supporter of the Republican form of government.
(3) He was not pleased with the programme and organisation of Carbonari.
(4) He was disappointed with the failure of the revolutionaries.
(2) What were the results of widespread discontent among the Italian people?
Ans :
(1) Italy was divided into eight small states and the old rulers were restored in most of the states .
(2) Lombardy and Venetia were given to Austria
(3) Sardinia- Piedmont was ruled by an Italian princely house.
(3) What steps were taken by Cavour for the internal development of Sardinia?
Ans :
(1) Cavour re-organised Sardinia treasury, tax system and the banking system.
(2) He got foreign loans so that he could build railroads and industries.
IV. Give two reasons for the following statements:
(1) The secret society of Carbonari was formed.
Ans :
(1) To achieve the constitutional liberty.
(2) To throw the aliens out of Italy.
(2) Cavour sent his army to support England, France and Turkey against Russia.
Ans :
(1) Cavour’s main aim was to drive the Austrian’s out of Italy.
(2) Cavour sent the army of Piedmont Sardinia to help the European countries in the Crimean War.
V. Answer the following questions in four sentences each:
(1) State two objectives of “Young Italy”.
Ans :
(1) Austria should be driven out of Italy.
(2) Italy should be unified as a nation.
(3) A republic should be established.
(4) The Constitution of new Italy should be framed by the people.
(2) What was the impact of the revolution of 1848 on the Italian states.
Ans :
(1) Lombardy and Venetia rise in revolt against Austria .
(2) The people of Venice established a Republic.
(3) The rulers of Naples, Tuscany, Piedmont and the Papal states had already granted liberal constitution to their people.
(4) The people of the Italian states demanded that their rulers should fight unitedly against Austria, so the Italian states declared war against Austria.
VI. Match the following:
A B
(1) Giuseppe Mazzini (a) Prime Minister of Piedmont
(2) Pope Pinus IX (b) King of Piedmont – Sardinia
(3) Charles Albert (c) Ruler of Rome in 1846
(4) Camillo Cavour (d) Founder of Young Italy
(e) Ruler of France
Answers:
(1) – (d), (2) – (c), (3) – (b), (4) – (a) .