I. Complete the following statements by selecting the correct alternative given below each statement:
(1) The British East India Company was formed in the year 1600 .
(a) 1500 (b) 1600
(c) 1700 (d) 1800
(2) The Indian Revolutionary who shot Mr. W.C Rand, was Damodar Chaphekar.
(a) Vasudev Balwant Phadte (b) Damodar Chaphekar
(c) Rajguru (d) Sukhadev
(3) The British in India got the Diwani right due to their victory in the Battle of Buxar .
(a) Plassey (b) Buxar
(c) Carnatik (d) Meerut
(4) The first secretary of the Indian National Congress was A.O Hume.
(a) R.T Telang (b) W.C Bannerjee
(c) A.O Hume (d) C.R Das
(5) The lady who influenced the Indian flag at Stuttgart in Germany was Madam Cama .
(a) Kalpana Datta (b) Shanti Ghosh
(c) Madam Cama (d) Kaumudini Ganguly
II. Answer the following questions in one sentences each:
(1) Which two factors played key role in the emergence of Nationalism in India?
Ans :
(1) A major role was played by the western education and the English language which inspired the Indians to form their own government.
(2) The English language brought the educated Indians from different parts of the country on the same platform where they could exchange their ideas.
(2) What was the significance of the Battle of Plassey in Indian history?
Ans : Their victory in the Battle of Plassey in 1757 gave the British a strong hold in the country.
(3) Who founded the Revolutionary organisation “Abhinav Bharat”?
Ans : Vinayak Damodar Sawarkar founded the revolutionary organisation “Abhinav Bharat”.
(4) State any two extremist leaders who played an important role in Indian freedom movement?
Ans : Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajput Rai and Bipin Chandra Pal played an important role in Indian freedom movement.
(5) Why did Muslim league reject the “Cabinet Mission Plan?
Ans : It rejected the “Cabinet Mission Plan” because it did not accept the demand of a separate Pakistan
III. Answer each of the following question in two sentences:
(1) Which two factors agitated the Indian minds during the Colonial rule?
Ans :
(1) The hostile attitude of British government towards the Indian demand for self-government.
(2) The aggression of the European powers against the Muslim powers in International politics.
(2) Which new concepts were introduced by Mahatma Gandhi in India’s freedom struggle?
Ans :
(1) Mahatma Gandhi introduced the concept of Satyagraha non-violence or Ahimsa.
(2) Non-co-operation in the Indian freedom.
(3) Why was the Simon commission greeted with the slogan “Simon go back”?
Ans :
(1) The Simon commission had no Indian as a member, all its members were British.
(2) This was resented by the Indians so when the members of the commission landed in India, they were greeted with the slogan “Simon go back”.
(4) How did Subhash Chandra Bose inspire the Indians to fight against the British?
Ans :
(1) Subhash Chandra Bose inspired the Indians with the slogan of “chalo Delhi”and Tum mujhe khoon do main tumhe aazadi doonga.
(2) He led the Indian National Army to carry on the fight with the Britishers.
IV. Give two reasons for the following statements:
(1) The first phase of the congress is also termed as the phase of ‘Petition Politics.
Ans :
(1) The leaders of the congress party had adopted constitutional and peaceful methods to put forward their demand of Swaraj.
(2) The leaders sent their demands in the form of a memorandum with petitions and appeals, so it was termed as the phase of petition politics.
(2) Lord Curzon partitioned Bengal.
Ans :
(1) Lord Curzon partitioned Bengal under the pretext that Bengal was too large a province to be effectively administered.
(2) His intension was to follow the divide and rule policy, by separating the Hindus and Muslims.
(3) Tilak started the public celebration of Ganesh and Shivaji festivals.
Ans :
(1) He wanted to bring the masses together by spreading the feelings of nationalism among them.
(2) He wanted to spread national education, sow the seeds of nationalism and pride in one’s own nation.
(4) Swaraj party was formed in the year 1922.
Ans :
(1) Some of the Congress leaders wanted to participate in the elections to the provincial legislatures formed by the Government of India Act 1919.
(2) They wanted to oppose the British government from within.
(5) Gandhiji called for nationwide protest against the Rowlatt Act.
Ans :
(1) The Rowlatt Act authorised the British officers to arrest anyone whom they thought as suspicious.
(2) It also authorised the British officers to imprison anyone without any trial.
V. Answer the following questions in four sentences each:
(1) Describe the incident of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
Ans :
(1) On 13th April 1919, about 15 to 20 thousand people gathered to protest peacefully at Jallianwala Bagh.
(2) General Dyer and his men opened fire without any warning.
(3) People were killed in hundreds and many were crushed in the stampede
(4) Curfew was imposed. This incident exposed the inhuman side of the British Rule.
(2) What was the significance of the Lahore session of the Congress held in 1929?
Ans :
(1) Lahore session of the Congress was important because the reins of the Congress leadership was passed into the hands of a young leader, Jawaharlal Nehru
(2) The resolution demanding “Poorna Swaraj”was passed.
(3) It was decided to celebrate Independence day on 26th January 1930.
(4) This session showed the determination and enthusiasm of the people.
(5) The Congress also passed the resolution of Civil Disobedience.
(3) Why did Gandhiji call off the Civil Disobedience movement in 1937?
Ans :
(1) On 5th April 1930,Gandhi broke the Salt Act and Satyagrahas were launched on other beaches.
(2) People violated the forest laws.
(3) The British government forcibly confiscated salt, banned the meetings and processions, lathi charged the people and also fired at them.
(4) Hundreds of people were killed and wounded.
(5) Revolutionaries raided the armouries.
(4) How did the Indian people react to the arrest of the Congress leader on 9th August 1942.
Ans :
(1) Students boycotted schools and colleges and workers went on strike.
(2) People attacked the government properties and government treasuries were looted.
(3) Parallel governments were set up at Satara and Mednipur to challenge the British authority
(4) The uprise spread to villages and thousands of people were arrested.
(5) State the features of the Mountbatten Plan of 1946.
Ans :
(1) On 3rd June, 1946 the Mountbatten Plan was announced.
(2) The Plan suggested Independence to a divided India.
(3) India would be divided into India and Pakistan.
(4) Freedom would be given to the Indian princely states to join either one of them or to remain independent.
(5) The Indian National Congress unwillingly accepted the partition as it had always wanted freedom for a united country.